Diseases in F.Sc. for MCAT 2012

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Diseases in F.Sc. for MCAT 2012
Disease

Causing Agent

Description

1.      Glycogenesis Type 2
Defective Lysosome
Liver and muscles filled with glycogen
2.      Tay-Sach’ s
Defective Lysosome
Accumulation of lipids in brain cell ,  mental retardation
3.      Small pox
Pox Virus
Raise fluid filled vesicles form pitted scars ‘the pocks’
4.      Herpes Simplex
Herpes Virus
Vascular lesions in epithelial layers of ectodermal tissues
5.      Influenza
Influenza Virus
Causes common cold
6.      Measles & Mumps
Paramyxoviruses
Swelling, fever, running nose
7.      Poliomyelitis
Polio Virus
Affect nerves and leads to paralysis
8.      AIDS
HIV
Defective immune system due to less T-lymphocytes
9.      Hepatitis A
HAV
Short term less virulent disease by contact of faeces
10. Hepatitis B
HBV
Fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice,  by serum contact
11. Hepatitis C
HCV
Less virulent than A or B, Leads to chronic liver disease
12. Hepatitis E
HEV
Caused due to pigs
13. Amoebic Dysentery
Entamoeba
Causes dysentery
14. African Sleeping Sickness
Trypanosoma
Fever, headache, Affects nervous system
15. Malaria
Plasmodium
Rupture liver cells and blood cells burst
16. Late Blight of Potato
Phytopthora infestans
Potato tubers rot in the field
17. Candidiasis
Candida albicans
Oral or vaginal thrush
18. Aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigates
Cough, fever, chest pain, difficult breathing
19. Ergotism
Purple ergot
Nervous spasm, convulsion, psychotic delusion
20. Smut
Ustilago triciti
Replaces kernel of wheat with black spores
21. Rust
Puccinia sp.
Replaces kernel with rust-red spores
22. Enterobiasis
Enterobius vermicularis
Causes itching of anus, insomnia, loss of apetite
23. Food Poisoning
Salmonella, Campylobacter
Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain
24. Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
Toxin produced cause respiratory , cardiac paralysis
25. Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lung is damaged resulting in cough and fever due to malnutrition
26. Tetanus
Clostridium tetani
Painful spasm, lock jaw, respiratory failure
27. Muscle Fatigue
Low ATP
Contractures, lactic acid accumulation in muscles
28. Tetany
Low Ca in blood
Muscle twitches, loss of sensation, convulsions
29. Cramp
Low suger level,
Dehydration
Tetanic contraction of entire muscle, muscles become taut and painful
30. Parkinson’s disease
Brain cell death
Dopamine not produced, diminished motor power
31. Epilepsy
Rapid electric discharge in grey matter
Transient alternation in brain, change in consciousness states
32. Alzeheimer’s Disease
Dementia
Decline in brain function, memory loss
33. Acromegaly
Excess STH in old age
Abnormal development of hands, feet ,jaws
34. Graves’ Disease
Excess thyroxine
Exopthalmic goiter, increase metabolism, heart attack
35. Cretinism
Lack of thyroxine
Small individual, coarse scanty hair, thick yellowish scaly skin and mentally retarded
36. Myxoedema
Shortage of iodine
Swelling of neck, hand puffiness, excess fat & weight
37. Diabetes mellitus
Lack of Insulin
High level sugar, derangement of NS, sugar in urine
38. Addison’s Son
Destruction of Adrenal cortex
Weakness of muscle, loss of salts, metabolic disturbances
39. Cushing’s  Disease
Excess cortical hormone
Excessive protein breakdown, muscular weakness
40. Gonorrhoa
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Affect mucus membrane, of urinogenital tract, infant eye infection
41. Syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Damages reproductive organs, CNS, heart, skin
42. Genital Herpes
Herpes simplex type 2 virus
Sexual contact, genital soreness, ulcer, damages infant eyes and CNS
43. Microcephaly
Metabolic disorder
Individual are born with small skull
44. Cleft palate
Metabolic disorder
Opening  between oral and nasal cavity
45. Alkaptonuria
Genetic defect
Urine contains homogentisic acid and turns black
46. Sickle cell anaemia
Genetic defect
Valine instead of Glutamic acid in haemogloben at position 6 from N terminal in beta chain
47. Phenylketonuria
Genetic defect
Phenylalanine accumulates , mental reatrdation
48. Cancer
Gene Mutation
Rapid uncontrolled cell division of WBC
49. Mongolism
(Down’s Syndrome)
Non-disjuction
Extra 21st pair, flat, broad face, squint eyes, skin fold, protruding tongue
50. Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Non-disjuction
Trisomy XXY, enlaged breast, tendency to tallness, obesity, small testes
51. Turner’s Syndrome
Non-disjuction
XO, female short stature, webbed neck, no ovaries
52. Erythroblastosis foetalis
Rh incompatibility
Causes jaundice, yellow eye, may be abortion
53. Bombay Phenotype
Epistasis
No attachment of antigen with RBC
54. Haemophilia
Genetic defect
No ability to clot blood,
55. Colour blindness
Genetic defect
No ability to detect colours
56. TFS(Testicular ferminization Syndrome)
Genetic defect
Tfm gene develop male into female, have breast, genitalia, bind vagina, no uterus
57. Osteo Arthritis
Genetic defect
Degenerative joint disease
58. Osteoporosis
Hormonal defect
Bone mass is reduced,
59. Osteomalcia
Nutritional defect
Calcium salts are not deposited hence bones are weak
60. Ricket
Nutritional defect
Deformed legs and pelvis, deficiency of Ca or vit.D
61. Disc Slip
Physical Cause
Dislocation of intervertebral disc
62. Spondylosis
Hormonal defect
Immobility and fusion of vertebral joints
63. Sciatica
Physical Cause
Pain of sciatic nerve, no foot ankle movement
64. NIDDM
Genetic defect
Resistance in body cells for insulin, 90% of all
65. IDDM
Genetic Defect
Autoimmune disorder, immune system kills insulin producing cells, Insulin Dependant
66. MODY
Genetic Defect
NIDDM before 25, mutation in glucokinase gene
67. Cystic fibrosis
Genetic Defect
Lack a genen coding for  for trans-membrane carrier of chloride ions
68. Schistosomiasis
(Snail fever)
Flukes
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, fatigue
69. Neurocysticereosis
Taenia Solium
Cysts in brain, seizures
70. Cyticereosis
Tape worm
Headache, dizziness, dementia
71. Diphyllobothriasis
Diphyllbothrium
Fish Tapeworm
Vitamin b12 deficiency, Anaemia
72. Hydatidosis
Echinococcus granulosus
Dog tape worm
Enlarged liver, jaundice, hives

       

I am Mechatronics and Control Engineer from UET, Lahore. Helping Engineering students gives me pleasure.

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